1.2　Surface Water Resources

The quantity of surface water resources in China was 3,127.39 billion m3 in 2016,equivalent to 330.3 mm in depth,which is 17.1% more than the normal,and 16.3% more than that in 2015.

In terms of water resources regions,the Rivers in the Southeast,Rivers in the Northwest,Pearl,Yangtze,Huaihe,and Rivers in the Southwest had an annual quantity more than normal,in which the Rivers in the Southeast,Rivers in the Northwest,and Pearl had an annual quantity 56.2%,27.6%,and 25.6% more than normal,respectively.The Yellow,Liaohe,Haihe,and Songhua had an annual quantity less than normal,in which the Yellow had an annual quantity 21.3% less than normal.Compared with 2015,the ten Class I WRRs experienced increase to a varying extent,in which Haihe and Liaohe experienced increases of 88.2% and 70.2%,respectively.See Table 3 for comparison of the 2016 surface water quantity with the 2015 surface water quantity and normal by Class I WRRs.

Table 3　Comparison of 2016 surface water quantity with 2015 surface water quantity and normal by Class I WRRs

In terms of administrative regions,18 PARs had a quantity of surface water resources more than normal,in which Jiangsu Province,Shanghai City,Anhui Province,and Fujian Province had a quantity 128.7%,116.4%,80.8%,and 78.7% more than normal,respectively,Guizhou Province had a quantity close to normal,and 12 provinces,autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government had a quantity less than normal,in which Shandong Province,Gansu Province,Shaanxi Province,and Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region had a quantity over 30% less than normal.Figure 5 demonstrates comparison of the 2016 surface water quantity with the 2015 surface water quantity and normal by PARs.

Figure 5　Comparison of 2016 surface water quantity with 2015 surface water quantity and normal by PARs

In 2016,the inflow from other countries to China was 17.99 billion m3 and the outflow from China to other countries was 608.36 billion m3.A total of 112.46 billion m3 of water flowed into the boundary rivers between China and neighboring countries.

In the whole country,the total quantity of water flowing into the sea was 2,082.55 billion m3,in which 12.46 billion m3 was from the Liaohe,6.93 billion m3 from the Haihe,7.49 billion m3 from the Yellow,52.45 billion m3 from the Huaihe,1,135.80 billion m3 from the Yangtze,299.91 billion m3 from the Rivers in the Southeast,and 567.51 billion m3 from the Pearl.Compared with 2015,the quantity of water flowing into the sea increased by 322.46 billion m3.The quantity of water flowing from Class I WRRs,except the Yellow （which saw a decrease of 5.17 billion m3）,increased to varying degrees.